Mankhwala a Heterocyclic amafalitsidwa kwambiri m'chilengedwe, kuwerengera pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mankhwala odziwika bwino, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.Zinthu zambiri zofunika, monga chlorophyll, heme, nucleic acids, ndi mankhwala ena achilengedwe komanso opangidwa omwe ali ndi mphamvu yodabwitsa pazachipatala, amakhala ndi ma heterocyclic mankhwala.Ma alkaloids ndi zigawo zazikulu zogwira ntchito za mankhwala azitsamba aku China, ndipo ambiri mwa iwo ndi nayitrogeni wokhala ndi heterocyclic mankhwala.
"Mu ma cyclic organic compounds, maatomu omwe amapanga mphete amatchedwa heterocyclic compounds pamene pali maatomu ena omwe si a carbon kuwonjezera pa maatomu a carbon."Ma atomu omwe si a carbon awa amatchedwa ma heteroatomu.Ma heteroatomu ambiri ndi nitrogen, oxygen, ndi sulfure.
Malinga ndi tanthauzo lapamwambali, mankhwala a heterocyclic amawoneka ngati a lactone, lactide, ndi cyclic anhydride, ndi zina zotero, koma samaphatikizidwa muzinthu za heterocyclic chifukwa ali ofanana m'chilengedwe ndi mankhwala otsegula otseguka ndipo amatha kutsegula mphete kuti zikhale. mankhwala otsegula.Pepalali limayang'ana kwambiri pamagulu a heterocyclic okhala ndi kachitidwe ka mphete kokhazikika komanso kununkhira kosiyanasiyana.Zomwe zimatchedwa zonunkhira za heterocyclic ndi ma heterocycles omwe amasunga mawonekedwe onunkhira, ndiye kuti, 6π ma elekitironi otsekedwa dongosolo la conjugate.Mankhwalawa ndi okhazikika, osavuta kutsegula mpheteyo, ndipo mawonekedwe awo ndi reactivity ndizofanana ndi benzene, ndiye kuti, ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kununkhira, kotero amatchedwa onunkhira heterocyclic mankhwala.
Mankhwala a heterocyclic amatha kugawidwa ngati ma heterocycles amodzi kapena ma heterocycles wandiweyani malinga ndi mafupa awo a heterocyclic.Ma heterocycles amodzi amatha kugawidwa m'magulu asanu ndi asanu ndi amodzi malinga ndi kukula kwake.Ma heterocycle osakanikirana amatha kugawidwa mu benzene-fused heterocycles ndi ma heterocycle osakanikirana malinga ndi mawonekedwe awo a mphete yosakanikirana.Monga momwe chithunzichi chikusonyezera.
The nomenclature of heterocyclic compounds makamaka zochokera kumasulira m'zinenero zakunja.Kumasulira kwachitchaina kwa dzina la Chingerezi la gulu la heterocyclic linawonjezeredwa pafupi ndi "kou".Mwachitsanzo:
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-05-2023