Peptives ndi gulu la mankhwala opangidwa ndi kulumikizana kwa ma amino acid angapo kudzera pamalande. Ndiwosatayika mumoyo. Mpaka pano, makumi masauzande a Peptides apezeka m'thupi lamoyo. Peptides amatenga gawo lofunikira pakukonzanso ntchito zamagulu osiyanasiyana, ziwalo, zimakhala ndi maselo komanso machitidwe a moyo, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuwunika, kusintha kwa mankhwala ndi magawo ena. Ndi chitukuko cha biotechnology ndi makina a peptidis, zowonjezera ndi zowonjezera zomwe zimapangidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchipatala.
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosinthira, yomwe imatha kuphatikizidwa ndi kusintha kwa post ndi kusintha kwa Antal Antaltivenction, S-terminal kusinthidwa, kusinthidwa kwa ma amino, kutengera malo osinthira (Chithunzi 1). Monga njira yofunika kusintha kapangidwe kake kapena magulu am'mimba a peptide amatha kusintha zinthu zolimbitsa thupi, zimachepetsa nthawi yosinthira, ndi njira zingapo zosinthika ndi mawonekedwe ake amayambitsidwa.
1. Cyclization
Laptides a cyclic ali ndi ntchito zambiri ku biomedicine, ndipo ma peptives ambiri achilengedwe okhala ndi zochitika zachilengedwe ndi ma cyclic chimakhala. Chifukwa malembedwe a cyclic amakonda kukhala okhwima kuposa ma peptides a mzere, amalimbana kwambiri ndi misonkho, amatha kukhala mu thirakitilo, ndikuwonetsa kuyanjana kwamphamvu. Cyclilization ndiye njira yolowera mwachindunji yophatikizira cyclite chimapepalali, makamaka ma peptides okhala ndi mafupa akuluakulu. Malinga ndi mtundu wa cyclization, imatha kugawidwa kukhala mtundu wamtundu wammbali, mtundu wamtundu wammbali, terminal - mtundu wa ma terminal (kumapeto kuti muchepetse).
(1) mbali-kumbali
Mtundu wodziwika bwino kwambiri wa trainizing mbali ya mbali ikusungunuka pakati pa zotsalira za Cysteine. Kuthamanga kumeneku kumayambitsidwa ndi zotsalira za Cysteine zomwe zimayipitsidwa kenako oxidid kuti apange zomangira. Kuphatikiza ka polycyclic kumatha kuchitika pochotsa magulu a sulfahydrlyl. Kuzungulira kwa chimphepo kumatha kuchitika mu soponi yosungunuka kapena pa nthawi yosungunuka. Cyclization pa ma resin imatha kukhala yovomerezeka kuposa kusungunuka kosungunuka chifukwa ma peptides on astein sakonda kusintha kwa nyengo. Mtundu wina wamtundu wa mbali-unyolo - Kutulutsa kwa Terclization ndi mapangidwe a Asidenti a Aspartic assortic ashedidue, omwe amafunikira kuti chipinda chotetezedwa cha Tesin uyenera kuchotsedwa mosankhazi. Mtundu wachitatu wa Trine-Terclilization Cyclilizalization ndikupanga kwa swhenyl etter ndi tyrosine kapena p-hydroxyfnylgycylgycine. Mtundu wamtunduwu muzogulitsa zachilengedwe umangopezeka mu microbilicalical zinthu, ndipo zinthu zosuta za nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi phindu labwino. Kukonzekera kwa mankhwalawa kumafunikira zochitika zingapo, motero sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri mu kapangidwe kake ka topsive.
(2)
Kutulutsa kwapadera-kumbali nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizapo C-terminal ndi gulu la amino kapena mbali yakumbuyo, kapena n-termial acid ndi astetamic acinni. Chovala china cha polypeptide chimapangidwa ndikupanga zingwe za Ether pakati pa terminal c ndi serine kapena ziwunikazikulu.
(3) terminal kapena mutu-wam'mawa
Unyolo wa ma polypeptus amatha kuweta panyanja kapena kukhazikika pa utoto ndi mawonekedwe amkati. Kukhazikika kotsika kwa ma peptides kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito popereka chipongwe kuti apewe ma peptider a peptides. Zokolola zam'mimba zam'mimba mpaka pamtunda mphete polypeptide zimadalira gawo lotsatira la Twambo. Chifukwa chake, musanakonze cycli pamasamba akuluakulu, laibulale yomangidwa ndi yomwe ingakhale yomangidwa iyenera kupangidwa, kutsatiridwa ndi cyclization kuti ipeze njira yabwinoyo ndi zotsatira zabwino.
2. N-Methylation
N-ithylation poyambirira imachitika m'matumbo achilengedwe ndipo imayambitsidwa mu peptide synthesis popewa mapangidwe a hydrogen, potengera zikopa zambiri zogonjetsedwa ndi chilolezo. Kaphatikizidwe ka peptides pogwiritsa ntchito n-metylated amino acid zotumphukira ndiye njira yofunika kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, Mitsunibu Kuchita kwa N-(2-Nitronzene Slufunyl Chloride) Polypeptide-Inten Internatives ndi Methanol angagwiritsidwenso ntchito. Njirayi yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kukonzekera malaitola a cuptide okhala ndi n-methylated amino acid.
3.. Phossorylation
Phosphorylation ndi chimodzi mwazosintha kwambiri pomasulira zachilengedwe. M'maselo aumunthu, mapuloteni oposa 30% ndi phosphonalted. Rossorylation, makamaka phossorylation kwenikweni, amatenga mbali yofunika kwambiri yolamulira njira zambiri, monga kutanthauza chizindikiro, mitundu ya cell, kuzungulira kwa cytosketon ndi apopetosis.
Phossorytion imatha kuwonedwa m'malo osiyanasiyana amino acid, koma zigamulo zofala kwambiri za phoskorylat ndi serine, ziwopsezo, komanso zotsalira za tyssine. Phosphrotyrosine, phosphoonronine, ndi zotumphukira za phosphoroonentine zitha kudziwitsidwa mu ma peptides pa kaphatikizidwe kapena kupangidwa pambuyo pa Peptidisis. Sankhani Phossorylation imatha kutheka pogwiritsa ntchito zotsalira za zigawo, ziwopsezo, ndi tyrosine zomwe zimasankha kuchotsa magulu oteteza. Zowongolera zina za phosyylation zimatha kuyambitsanso magulu a acid a acid mu polypeptide ndi positi kusintha. M'zaka zaposachedwa, phossory-phossorylation ya Lysine yakwaniritsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yosankhidwa ndi photosphite (Chithunzi 3).
4..
Ma acylation a N-termial ndi mafuta acids amalola ma peptides kapena mapuloteni kuti azimangiriza ma cell membranes. Njira yoyeserera ya N-terminal imathandizira SRR Fricnin Kinases ndikusinthira ma protein gorgen kuti ayesedwe ku cell membranes. Asidi yaumwini idalumikizidwa ndi n-termidel of the rentin-polypeptide pogwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zichitike, ndipo lipopkhoptide imatha kupasulidwa pansi pa Miyezo Yokhazikika ndikuyeretsedwa ndi RP-HPLC.
5. glycosyty
Glycopptides monga a Tecocycin ndi Tekelanin ndi maantibayotin ndi mankhwala othandiza mankhwala osokoneza bongo ogwiritsa ntchito mabakiteriya, ndipo ena a glycopfides nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi. Kuphatikiza apo, popeza ma antigens ambiri aciganola ndi glycocky, amafunikira kwambiri kuphunzira glycopeptides chifukwa chosintha chithandizo cha matenda. Komabe, zapezeka kuti mapuloteni pa cell a cell achotupa awonetsetse Glycosylation, zomwe zimapangitsa glycopterides kukhala gawo lofunikira mu khansa. Glycopmetides amakonzedwa ndi njira ya FMOC / T-bud. Zotsalira za glycosyy
6. Isoprene
Isopentadietion imachitika pa cysteine zotsalira m'mbali mwa C-terminal. Mapuloteni isoprene amatha kukonza ma cell membrane ndikupanga kulumikizana kwa mapuloteni. Mapuloteni a isopentadoft amapangira tyrosine phosphatase, gtase yaying'ono, mamolekyulu amtundu wa nyukiliya, mapuloteni anyukiliya. Isoprene Polypeptudes amatha kukonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito isoprene pa relin kapena kuyambitsa zotumphuka za Cysteine.
7. Polyethylene glycol (Peg) kusintha
Kusintha kwa Peg kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kukonza mapuloteni kukhazikika, kubisala kwa bioli nalo ndi peptide. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa zingwe za Peg ku Peptides kumatha kukonza ma pharmacological katundu komanso kuyikanso hydrolysis a ma peptulytic michere. Peg ma peptides amadutsa mgawo la sepillary dillary mosavuta kuposa ma peptides wamba, amachepetsa kwambiri aimpso. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa theka-moyo wa Peg Peptides ku Vivo, kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa kumatha kusungidwa ndi Mlingo wotsika komanso mankhwala ochepera. Komabe, kusintha kwa msomali kumabweretsa mavuto. Zambiri za peg zimalepheretsa enzyme yopweteketsa peptide ndipo muchepetse peptide ndikumayang'ana ku malo olandirira. Koma pegivesity wa Peg 'nthawi zambiri zimasokonekera ndi theka la Farmacokinetical, ndipo popezeka m'thupi lalitali, ma pegides a Peg ali ndi mwayi waukulu wotanganidwa ndi ziwalo za chandamale. Chifukwa chake, zolemba za Peg Polyme ziyenera kuthandizidwa kuti zikhale zotsatira zabwino. Kumbali inayo, Peg Peptides amadziunjikira mu chiwindi chifukwa chochepetsedwa ku matenda a internal, zomwe zimapangitsa ma syndrome. Chifukwa chake, zosintha za Peg zimayenera kupangidwa mosamala kwambiri pamene ma peptides amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa mankhwala.
Magulu osinthika osinthika a Peg amatha kufotokozedwa mwachidule motere: Amino (-Amine) - a aminomethy-shumroxy-cactroxy-caccroxy -scy -Spa, n-hydroxccinetide -nhs, chych2cooh, Alsilic, acylic, acyrald - Alkyne-alkyne, p-toloenessulfonate - succinimide - asc. Peg yoyendetsedwa ndi Amino-yopangidwa kuphatikizidwa ku Aspartic acid kapena glutamic acid mbali. Peg yomwe imagwira ntchito imatha kuphatikizidwa ku Mercapton wa ku Cystine mbali yaku Cysteine. Zosintha za Peg nthawi zambiri zimasankhidwa mosiyanasiyana (Chidziwitso: MpeG ndi methoxy-msomali, ch3ch2o) n-CH2CH2-O): O):
(1) Kuyenda molunjika
Mpeg-SC, Speg-scm, speg-spa, Mpeg-Ots, SPEG-MPEG-Cpeg-SS
(2) bfunuctictional peg
HCoo-Peg-Cooh, Nh2-Peg-Nh2, O, Peg-Cooh, Oh-Peg-Nh2, HCL · 1
(3) Kutalika kwa Nthambi
.
8. Bioning
Biotin imathamangitsidwa mwamphamvu ndi avidin kapena streptidin, ndipo mphamvu yomangira imakhala pafupi ndi mgwirizano wolumikizana. Ma peptides olembedwa biotin amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu immunoassay, histocchettistrestry, ndi ma fluorescence otulutsa cytometry. Ma antibotin antiboodies amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti amange mapepu a biotonis. Zolemba za Biotin nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizidwa ndi unyolo wa lysine kapena n crumnal. 6-Aminocaproic acid nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mgwirizano pakati pa ma peptides ndi biotin. Kugwirizana kumangiriza gawo lapansi ndikumanga zabwino pamaso pa chododometsa.
9. Kulemba kwa Fluorescent
Kulemba kwa fluorescent kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kutsata ma polypeption m'maselo amoyo ndikuphunzira ma enzyme ndi njira zochitira. Tryptophan (trP) imatha, kotero itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito polemba. Kutulutsa kwa EquPTPakuti kwa Tryptophan kumatengera kusokonekera kwa malo otumphukira ndikuchepetsa chofufumitsa chofiyira, katundu wothandiza pakuwona mawonekedwe a palopdide ndi kulandira zomangamanga. Tryptophan Fluorescence imatha kuthetsedwa ndikuyika aspartic acid ndi glutamic acid, omwe amachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito. Gulu la Dansyl chloride (Dansyl) limayamwa kwambiri pomwe amapita ku gulu la amino ndipo nthawi zambiri limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati cholembera ma amino acin kapena mapuloteni.
Fluorescence Resonance Grown kutembenuka (Fret) ndikothandiza maphunziro a enzyme. Pamene fetre adayikidwa, gawo lapansi polypeptide nthawi zambiri lili ndi gulu la flurescence lolemba komanso gulu lokhazikika. Magulu a flusesced amafalikira ndi quencher kudzera pakusintha kwa exon. Puptide atasungunuka kuchokera ku enzyme yomwe ili mu funso, gulu lakale lolemba limatulutsa flurescence.
10. Cage Polypeptions
Zovala za khola zimakhala ndi magulu otetezera bwino kwambiri omwe amateteza chopimbiracho kuti asamangire kwa wolandila. Atazindikira za radiation ya UV, peptideyo imayambitsidwa, kubwezeretsanso anzawo ku receptor. Chifukwa choti mawonekedwe awa amatha kuwongoleredwa malinga ndi nthawi, matalikidwe, kapena malo, ma peptides a khola amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzira zomwe zimachitika m'maselo. Magulu otetezedwa kwambiri oteteza ma polypeptions ndi magulu awiri a 2-nitroberzyl ndi zochokera kuzinthu zawo, zomwe zimatha kuyambitsa synthedis synthesis kudzera chitetezo cha asini. Amino acid omwe adapangidwa ndi a Lysine, Cysteine, serrine, ndi tyrosine. Aspatate komanso osusuka, samagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri chifukwa cha chiwopsezo chawo poyambira nthawi yoyambira pa cholembera ndi kupatuka.
11. Puptigenic Peptide (Map)
Ma Peptides achidule nthawi zambiri amakhala osakhazikika komanso ayenera kuphatikizidwa ndi mapuloteni onyamula kuti apange ma antibodies. Polyantigenic peptide (Map) amapangidwa ndi ma peptives ofanana ndi lysine numbeli, omwe amatha kufotokoza mwachindunji ma peptin apamwamba ndipo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza zonyamula zonyamula zojambula. Mapu a Polypeptides amatha kuphatikizidwa ndi kaphatikizidwe wolimba pa mapu otsalira. Komabe, kulumikizana kosakwanira mu maunyolo osowa kapena osowa panthaka zina motero sikuwonetsa kunyamula kwa mapu oyambirirawo polypertde. Monga njira inayake, mapepu amatha kukonzedwa ndikuyeretsedwa mosiyana kenako ndikuphatikizidwa ku mapu. Cholinga cha peptirira cholumikizidwa ndi peptide core chimafotokozedwa bwino komanso chosavuta ndi misa misa.
Mapeto
Kusintha kwa Peptide ndi njira yofunika yopangira ma peptides. Njira zosinthidwa mwanjira yosinthika sizingangokhalabe ndi zovuta zachilengedwe, komanso kupewa zovuta za samnogenicnadicity ndi zoopsa. Nthawi yomweyo, kusintha kwamankhwala kumatha kuwongolera ma peptides omwe ali ndi zinthu zatsopano zatsopano. M'zaka zaposachedwa, njira ya C-H Application ya Post-Hiption of Polypeptides yapangidwa mwachangu, zotsatira zambiri zakwaniritsidwa.
Post Nthawi: 2025-07-03