Njira yochotsera
M'zaka za m'ma 1950 ndi 1960, maiko ambiri padziko lapansi, kuphatikizapo China, adatulutsa ma peptides ku ziwalo za nyama.Mwachitsanzo, jakisoni wa thymosin amakonzedwa popha mwana wa ng'ombe wobadwa kumene, kuchotsa thymus, ndiyeno pogwiritsa ntchito sayansi ya sayansi ya sayansi ya zakuthambo kuti alekanitse ma peptides ndi ng'ombe ya thymus.Thymosin iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuwongolera ndi kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo chamthupi mwa anthu.
Natural bioactive peptides amafalitsidwa kwambiri.Pali ma peptides ochuluka a bioactive mu nyama, zomera ndi zamoyo zam'madzi m'chilengedwe, zomwe zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana za thupi ndikukhalabe ndi moyo wabwino.Ma peptides achilengedwe a bioactive awa amaphatikiza ma metabolites achiwiri a zamoyo monga maantibayotiki ndi mahomoni, komanso ma peptides a bioactive omwe amapezeka mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya minofu.
Pakalipano, ma peptides ambiri a bioactive adasiyanitsidwa ndi anthu, nyama, zomera, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi zamoyo zam'madzi.Komabe, ma peptides a bioactive nthawi zambiri amapezeka mochepa m'zamoyo, ndipo njira zamakono zolekanitsira ndi kuyeretsa ma peptide a bioactive kuchokera ku zamoyo zachilengedwe sizowoneka bwino, zotsika mtengo komanso zotsika kwambiri zamoyo.
Njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa peptide ndi kupatukana zimaphatikizapo salting out, ultrafiltration, gel filtration, isoelectric point precipitation, ion exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography, adsorption chromatography, gel electrophoresis, etc. Choyipa chake chachikulu ndizovuta za ntchito ndi kukwera mtengo.
Njira ya asidi-base
Acid ndi alkali hydrolysis amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mabungwe oyesera, koma sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri popanga.M'kati mwa alkaline hydrolysis ya mapuloteni, ma amino acid ambiri monga serine ndi threonine amawonongeka, racemization imapezeka, ndipo zakudya zambiri zimatayika.Choncho, njira imeneyi si kawirikawiri ntchito kupanga.Acid hydrolysis wa mapuloteni sayambitsa racemization wa amino zidulo, hydrolysis mofulumira ndipo anachita wathunthu.Komabe, kuipa kwake ndiukadaulo wovuta, kuwongolera kovuta komanso kuipitsa kwakukulu kwa chilengedwe.Kugawidwa kwa kulemera kwa maselo a peptide ndi kosagwirizana komanso kosakhazikika, ndipo machitidwe awo a thupi ndi ovuta kudziwa.
Enzymatic hydrolysis
Ma peptides ambiri a bioactive amapezeka m'mapuloteni ataliitali osagwira ntchito.Pamene hydrolyzed ndi protease yeniyeni, peptide yawo yogwira ntchito imatulutsidwa kuchokera ku ndondomeko ya amino ya mapuloteni.Kutulutsa kwa ma enzymes a bioactive peptides kuchokera ku nyama, zomera ndi zamoyo za m'madzi kwakhala kafukufuku wofufuza m'zaka zaposachedwa.
Enzymatic hydrolysis ya bioactive peptides ndi kusankha kwa ma protease oyenera, pogwiritsa ntchito mapuloteni monga gawo lapansi ndi mapuloteni a hydrolyzing kuti apeze ma peptide ambiri a bioactive omwe ali ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana za thupi.Popanga, kutentha, mtengo wa PH, ndende ya enzyme, ndende ya gawo lapansi ndi zinthu zina zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi mphamvu ya enzymatic hydrolysis ya ma peptides ang'onoang'ono, ndipo chinsinsi chake ndi kusankha kwa enzyme.Chifukwa cha ma enzymes osiyanasiyana omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga enzymatic hydrolysis, kusankha ndi kupanga ma enzymes, ndi magwero a mapuloteni osiyanasiyana, ma peptides omwe amatsatira amasiyana mosiyanasiyana, kugawa kwa maselo, komanso kapangidwe ka amino acid.Nthawi zambiri munthu amasankha mapuloteni a nyama, monga pepsin ndi trypsin, ndi ma protease a zomera, monga bromelain ndi papain.Ndi chitukuko cha sayansi ndi ukadaulo komanso kupangika kosalekeza kwaukadaulo wa ma enzyme achilengedwe, ma enzyme ochulukirapo adzapezeka ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito.Enzymatic hydrolysis yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pokonza ma peptides a bioactive chifukwa chaukadaulo wake wokhwima komanso ndalama zochepa.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-30-2023