Pali mitundu yambiri ya ma transmembrane peptides, ndipo magulu awo amatengera thupi ndi mankhwala, magwero, njira zoyamwa, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zamankhwala.Malingana ndi thupi ndi mankhwala, ma peptide olowera a membrane amatha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu: cationic, amphiphilic ndi hydrophobic.Ma peptides a cationic ndi amphiphilic omwe amalowetsa ma peptide amafikira 85%, pomwe ma peptide a hydrophobic olowa ndi 15% okha.
1. cationic membrane kulowa peptide
Ma peptides a Cationic transmembrane amapangidwa ndi ma peptides afupiafupi omwe ali ndi arginine, lysine, ndi histidine, monga TAT, Penetratin, Polyarginine, P22N, DPV3 ndi DPV6.Pakati pawo, arginine lili guanidine, amene akhoza wa haidrojeni chomangira ndi zoipa mlandu phosphoric asidi magulu pa selo nembanemba ndi mkhalapakati transmembrane peptides mu nembanemba pansi chikhalidwe cha zokhudza thupi PH mtengo.Kafukufuku wa oligarginine (kuchokera ku 3 R mpaka 12 R) adawonetsa kuti mphamvu yolowera nembanemba idangopezeka pomwe kuchuluka kwa arginine kunali kochepera 8, ndipo mphamvu yolowera nembanemba idakula pang'onopang'ono ndikuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa arginine.Lysine, ngakhale kuti cationic ngati arginine, ilibe guanidine, kotero ikakhala yokha, mphamvu yake yolowera m'mitsempha sikwera kwambiri.Futaki et al.(2001) adapeza kuti kulowerera bwino kwa membrane kumatha kutheka kokha pamene cationic cell membrane imalowa peptide ili ndi ma amino acid 8 abwino.Ngakhale zotsalira zabwino za amino acid ndizofunikira kuti ma peptide olowera alowe mu nembanemba, ma amino acid ena ndi ofunika kwambiri, monga pamene W14 itasintha kukhala F, penetratin imatayika.
Gulu lapadera la cationic transmembrane peptides ndi nyukiliya localization sequences (NLSs), yomwe imakhala ndi ma peptides afupiafupi olemera mu arginine, lysine ndi proline ndipo amatha kutumizidwa ku nucleus kupyolera mu nyukiliya pore complex.Ma NLS amathanso kugawidwa m'malemba amodzi komanso awiri, okhala ndi magulu amodzi ndi awiri a ma amino acid oyambira, motsatana.Mwachitsanzo, PKKKRKV yochokera ku simian virus 40(SV40) ndi mtundu umodzi wa NLS, pomwe mapuloteni a nyukiliya amalemba kawiri NLS.KRPAATKKAGQAKKKL ndiye njira yayifupi yomwe imatha kutengapo gawo mu membrane transmembrane.Chifukwa ma NLS ambiri ali ndi manambala otsika kuposa 8, ma NLS sakhala ogwira mtima ma transmembrane peptides, koma amatha kukhala a transmembrane peptides akalumikizidwa molumikizana ndi ma hydrophobic peptide kuti apange amphiphilic transmembrane peptides.
2. Amphiphilic transmembrane peptide
Amphiphilic transmembrane peptides imakhala ndi madera a hydrophilic ndi hydrophobic, omwe amatha kugawidwa kukhala amphiphilic oyambirira, achiwiri a α-helical amphiphilic, β-folding amphiphilic ndi prolin-enriched amphiphilic.
Primary mtundu amphiphilic kuvala nembanemba peptides m'magulu awiri, gulu ndi NLSs covalently olumikizidwa ndi hydrophobic peptide sequence, monga MPG (GLAFLGFLGAAGSTMGAWSQPKKKRKV) ndi Pep - 1 (KETWWETWWTEWSQPKKRKV), Onsewa amachokera ku nyukiliya kutanthauzira chizindikiro PKK4phoRKV, domain of MPG imagwirizana ndi kaphatikizidwe ka HIV glycoprotein 41 (GALFLGFLGAAGSTMG A), ndipo hydrophobic domain ya Pep-1 imagwirizana ndi gulu lolemera la tryptophan lomwe lili ndi membrane yayikulu (KETWWET WWTEW).Komabe, madera a hydrophobic a onsewa amalumikizidwa ndi chizindikiro cha nyukiliya PKKKRKV kudzera pa WSQP.Kalasi ina ya ma peptide oyambira amphiphilic transmembrane anali olekanitsidwa ndi mapuloteni achilengedwe, monga pVEC, ARF(1-22) ndi BPrPr(1-28).
Ma peptides achiwiri a α-helical amphiphilic transmembrane amamangiriza ku nembanemba kudzera pa α-helices, ndipo zotsalira zawo za hydrophilic ndi hydrophobic amino acid zili pamtunda wosiyana wa mawonekedwe a helical, monga MAP (KLALKLALK ALKAALKLA).Kwa beta peptide yopinda yamtundu wa amphiphilic kuvala nembanemba, kuthekera kwake kupanga pepala lokhala ndi beta ndikofunikira kwambiri pakulowa kwake kwa nembanemba, monga VT5 (DPKGDPKGVTVTVTVTVTVTGKGDPKPD) pofufuza kuthekera kolowera kwa nembanemba, pogwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa D. - amino acid mutation analogues sakanakhoza kupanga beta apangidwe chidutswa, mphamvu malowedwe a nembanemba ndi osauka kwambiri.Mu proline-enriched amphiphilic transmembrane peptides, polyproline II (PPII) imapangidwa mosavuta m'madzi oyera pamene proline imakhala yolemera kwambiri mu polypeptide.PPII ndi helix wakumanzere wokhala ndi zotsalira za 3.0 amino acid mozungulira, mosiyana ndi kapangidwe ka alpha-helix kumanja komwe kumakhala ndi zotsalira za 3.6 za amino acid pozungulira.Proline-enriched amphiphilic transmembrane peptides kuphatikizapo bovine antimicrobial peptide 7(Bac7), synthetic polypeptide (PPR)n(n can be 3, 4, 5 and 6), etc.
3. Hydrophobic membrane kulowa peptide
Ma peptides a Hydrophobic transmembrane ali ndi zotsalira za amino acid zomwe sizikhala ndi polar, zokhala ndi ukonde wochepera 20% wa kuchuluka kwa mndandanda wa amino acid, kapena zimakhala ndi hydrophobic moieties kapena magulu amankhwala omwe ndi ofunikira pa transmembrane.Ngakhale ma cell transmembrane peptides nthawi zambiri amanyalanyazidwa, amakhalapo, monga fibroblast growth factor (K-FGF) ndi fibroblast growth factor 12(F-GF12) kuchokera ku Kaposi's sarcoma.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-19-2023